Inhaler: types, how to use one properly, and smart choices

Most people who use an inhaler think they’re doing it right — but up to half use the device incorrectly. That can mean less relief, more flare-ups, and wasted medicine. This page gives clear, practical tips on the main inhaler types, step-by-step technique for the two most common devices, how to pick the right inhaler for you, and simple care and storage rules.

There are two basic classes of inhaler drugs: rescue (quick-relief) and controller (daily). Rescue inhalers contain short-acting bronchodilators like albuterol for sudden wheeze or breathlessness. Controllers usually have inhaled steroids, long-acting bronchodilators, or both, and they cut inflammation over time. Devices that deliver these medicines include metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and soft-mist or nebulizer systems. Each needs a different technique.

MDI (press-and-breathe) — step-by-step: Shake the inhaler, breathe out fully, put the mouthpiece between your lips, press the canister once as you start a slow, deep inhalation, keep breathing in for 3–5 seconds, then hold your breath for 5–10 seconds before exhaling. If you have a spacer, use it — spacers cut down on poor coordination and increase drug delivery to the lungs.

DPI (breathe-in-fast) — step-by-step: With DPIs you don’t press a canister. Load the dose if required, exhale away from the device, put the mouthpiece in your mouth, inhale quickly and deeply to pull the powder into your lungs, then hold your breath for about 5–10 seconds. DPIs need a fast, forceful inhale, so they aren’t ideal for everyone, especially small children or people in severe distress.

Choosing the right inhaler

Which inhaler suits you depends on your age, ability to use the device, and the medicine needed. Can you coordinate press-and-breathe? An MDI with spacer might be best. Need a daily combined steroid and long-acting bronchodilator? Your prescriber may offer options like branded combos or generics — for example, generic albuterol HFA for rescue use. Cost, insurance coverage, and comfort with the device matter. Ask your clinician to demonstrate technique and watch you use it before you leave the clinic.

Care, storage, and when to seek help

Keep inhalers at room temperature, away from direct sunlight. Check dose counters or keep track of doses — an empty canister can fail in an attack. Clean the mouthpiece weekly for MDIs and follow manufacturer cleaning for DPIs. Never share inhalers. If you notice increased need for a rescue inhaler, more nighttime symptoms, or progressive shortness of breath, contact your provider — those signs often mean the controller plan needs adjusting. Seek emergency care for severe chest tightness, difficulty speaking, or bluish lips.

Want more? Browse the related articles on this tag for comparisons of ProAir alternatives, Symbicort options, and device-specific tips. Practicing technique, checking your inhaler regularly, and talking openly with your clinician will get you better control and fewer surprises.