Ringworm infections: quick facts and what to do

Ringworm (tinea) is a common fungal skin infection that shows up as round, red, itchy patches. It can affect the body, scalp, feet (athlete’s foot), groin (jock itch), and nails. You don’t need to panic—most cases clear with simple treatment—but it spreads easily, so acting fast helps stop it from getting worse or passing to others.

How ringworm spreads and how to spot it

The fungi that cause ringworm live on skin, hair and in soil. You can catch it from another person, from shared towels and clothing, or from pets (cats and dogs are common sources). Early signs are a circular red patch with clearer skin in the middle, persistent itch, and sometimes flaking. Scalp infections may cause hair loss and scaly patches; nail infections make nails thick and brittle.

Diagnosis is usually by sight. If a doctor is unsure they may scrape the area for a KOH test or send a sample to a lab. That helps confirm it’s fungal and not something else like eczema or psoriasis.

Simple and effective treatments

For most skin ringworm, start with an over-the-counter topical antifungal cream. Effective options include clotrimazole, miconazole, and terbinafine. Apply as directed—usually twice daily—and keep treating for the full course (often 2–4 weeks) even after the rash fades. Stopping early is a common reason infections return.

Scalp ringworm and nail infections usually need prescription oral antifungals. Scalp infections often require griseofulvin or oral terbinafine for several weeks. Nail fungus can take months of treatment and sometimes needs a specialist.

Avoid using steroid creams unless a doctor prescribes them. Steroids can mask symptoms and let the fungus spread, making the problem worse.

When to see a doctor: if the rash keeps spreading despite OTC treatment, affects the scalp or nails, is painful, or if you have a weakened immune system. Also see a doctor for infections in children or if you suspect the pet is infected.

Practical home care and prevention

Keep the area clean and dry—fungus loves moisture. Wash clothes, bedding, and towels in hot water and dry on high heat when possible. Don’t share personal items. Wear breathable fabrics and change socks and underwear daily.

If a pet is the likely source, take it to a vet for treatment. Treating both the person and the pet cuts the chance of reinfection. In communal places like gyms and locker rooms, wear sandals and avoid sitting on shared benches with bare skin contact.

Ringworm is annoying but treatable. Quick diagnosis, consistent antifungal use, good hygiene, and checking pets will get most people back to normal fast. If you’re unsure, get checked—early treatment saves time and prevents spread.